Build A Brick Column: Footing, Courses, & Capstone Guide

Hey guys! Ever thought about adding some serious curb appeal to your home or garden? A brick column is a fantastic way to do just that! Not only do they look classy and timeless, but they're also surprisingly straightforward to build yourself. In this guide, we're going to break down the entire process, from laying the brick column footing to setting the final brick column capstone. So, grab your tools, and let's get started!

Why Build a Brick Column?

Before we dive into the how-to, let's quickly chat about why you might want to consider building a brick column in the first place. Brick columns are incredibly versatile, serving both functional and aesthetic purposes. They can act as sturdy supports for porches or entryways, define property lines with elegance, or simply add a touch of architectural charm to your outdoor spaces. Think about it – a pair of brick columns flanking your driveway or framing your front porch can instantly elevate the entire look of your home. Plus, brick is a durable and long-lasting material, so you're investing in something that will stand the test of time.

Beyond the visual appeal, brick columns offer practical benefits as well. They can provide a strong base for lighting fixtures, mailboxes, or even decorative planters. The possibilities are truly endless! And let's not forget the satisfaction of tackling a DIY project and creating something beautiful with your own hands. There's nothing quite like stepping back and admiring your finished brick column, knowing you built it from the ground up. So, if you're looking for a project that combines style, functionality, and a good dose of DIY fun, building a brick column is definitely worth considering.

Now, before you start picturing your dream columns, it's essential to understand the planning and preparation involved. Building a brick column is more than just stacking bricks; it's about ensuring a solid foundation, proper alignment, and a structurally sound finished product. This is where our guide comes in! We'll walk you through every step of the process, from planning your design and gathering your materials to mixing mortar and laying the bricks with precision. By the end of this guide, you'll have the knowledge and confidence to build a brick column that you'll be proud of for years to come.

Planning Your Brick Column

Okay, let's get down to the nitty-gritty of planning your brick column. This stage is crucial because it sets the foundation (literally!) for a successful project. We're going to cover everything from design considerations to material selection and local building codes, so you're fully prepared before you even mix your first batch of mortar.

Design and Dimensions

First up, let's talk about design. What kind of look are you going for? How tall and wide should your column be? The answers to these questions will depend on the purpose of your column and the overall style of your property. If you're building a column to support a porch roof, you'll need to ensure it's strong enough to bear the load. This might involve consulting with a structural engineer to determine the appropriate dimensions and reinforcement requirements. For purely decorative columns, you have more flexibility in terms of size and shape. Consider the proportions of your home and landscape when deciding on the height and width of your column. A column that's too tall or too wide can look imposing, while one that's too small can get lost in the surroundings. Think about the architectural style of your home. Is it traditional, modern, or something in between? Your brick column should complement this style. For instance, a classic, stately home might call for a taller, more ornate column, while a contemporary home might benefit from a simpler, more streamlined design.

Beyond the basic dimensions, consider the shape of your column. Square and rectangular columns are the most common and easiest to build, but you could also opt for a round or octagonal column for a more unique look. Keep in mind that more complex shapes will require more advanced bricklaying skills and may involve cutting bricks to fit. Don't forget about the details! The type of brick you choose, the mortar color, and the capstone you select can all contribute to the overall aesthetic of your column. Think about how these elements will work together to create the look you're after. Sketching out your design on paper can be incredibly helpful in visualizing the finished product. You can also use online design tools or consult with a landscape architect to get professional advice.

Material Selection

Now, let's talk materials. Brick is the obvious choice for a brick column, but there are many different types of bricks to choose from. Clay bricks are the most traditional and widely available option. They come in a variety of colors, textures, and sizes, so you're sure to find something that suits your taste. Concrete bricks are another option, offering a more uniform look and often at a lower cost than clay bricks. However, they may not have the same visual appeal as clay bricks. Reclaimed bricks are a great choice if you're going for a rustic or vintage look. They have a unique character and can add a lot of charm to your project. However, reclaimed bricks can be more expensive and may require more cleaning and preparation before use. Consider the color and texture of the brick. Do you want a smooth, uniform look, or something with more variation and character? The color of the brick will also impact the overall feel of your column. Red bricks are classic and timeless, while lighter-colored bricks can create a more modern look.

Mortar is another essential material. It's the glue that holds the bricks together, so it's important to choose a good quality mortar mix. Type N mortar is a good all-purpose choice for brick columns. It's strong enough to withstand the elements but also flexible enough to accommodate movement in the structure. The color of the mortar can also affect the look of your column. A light-colored mortar will create a more subtle look, while a darker mortar will make the bricks stand out more. You'll also need a capstone for the top of your column. This is the finishing touch that adds a polished look and protects the top of the column from water damage. Capstones come in a variety of materials, including brick, concrete, and natural stone. Choose a capstone that complements the style of your column and your home. Don't forget about the footing! The footing is the foundation of your column, and it's crucial for ensuring its stability and longevity. You'll need to pour a concrete footing that is deep enough and wide enough to support the weight of your column. We'll discuss footing construction in more detail in the next section. Finally, you'll need a few miscellaneous materials, such as rebar for reinforcing the footing, gravel for drainage, and tools for mixing mortar and laying bricks. Make a comprehensive list of all the materials you'll need before you start your project to avoid any last-minute trips to the hardware store.

Permits and Local Codes

Before you start digging, it's essential to check with your local building department to see if you need any permits. Building codes vary from place to place, and you don't want to run into any legal trouble down the road. Depending on the size and location of your column, you may need a building permit. This is especially likely if your column will be supporting a structure, such as a porch roof. Your local building department can also provide information on setback requirements, which dictate how far your column must be from property lines and other structures. There may also be specific requirements for footing depth and reinforcement, depending on the soil conditions in your area. Checking with your local utilities before you dig is crucial to avoid hitting any underground lines. Call 811 before you dig to have the utilities in your area marked. This is a free service and can save you from serious injury and costly repairs. Don't skip this step! It's better to be safe than sorry. Ignoring building codes can lead to fines, delays, and even the need to tear down and rebuild your column. Taking the time to do your research and obtain the necessary permits upfront will save you a lot of headaches in the long run. Plus, ensuring your column meets all local codes will give you peace of mind knowing it's built safely and to the required standards.

Building the Brick Column Footing

Alright, guys, let's get our hands dirty! The footing is the unsung hero of your brick column – it's the foundation that provides stability and prevents your column from shifting or settling over time. A well-constructed footing is essential for a long-lasting column, so let's make sure we get it right.

Digging the Footing

First things first, you'll need to dig a hole for your footing. The size and depth of the hole will depend on the size of your column and the local building codes. As a general rule of thumb, the footing should be at least twice as wide as your column and extend below the frost line in your area. The frost line is the depth to which the ground freezes in the winter, and your footing needs to be below this point to prevent it from being heaved up by the freezing and thawing of the ground. Your local building department can tell you the frost line depth in your area. Use a shovel and a pickaxe (if needed) to dig the hole. Make sure the sides of the hole are straight and the bottom is level. It's a good idea to use a level to check the bottom of the hole and make sure it's even. If the bottom of the hole is uneven, your footing will be uneven, and this can cause problems with the stability of your column. Consider using stakes and string to mark the outline of your footing. This will help you ensure that you're digging the hole to the correct size and shape. The stakes should be placed at the corners of the footing, and the string should be stretched tightly between them. Double-check your measurements before you start digging to avoid any mistakes. It's much easier to correct a mistake at this stage than it is later on in the process. If you're digging a large footing, you might consider renting a power auger or a mini-excavator to speed up the process. These tools can save you a lot of time and effort, especially if you're dealing with hard or rocky soil.

Pouring the Concrete Footing

Once you've dug the hole, it's time to pour the concrete footing. Before you pour the concrete, you'll need to prepare the hole. Start by adding a layer of gravel to the bottom of the hole. This will help with drainage and prevent water from pooling around the footing. The gravel layer should be about 4-6 inches thick. Next, you'll need to build a form for the concrete. The form will hold the concrete in place while it sets and will give your footing a clean, even shape. You can build the form out of wood or use pre-made concrete forms. The form should be the same size and shape as your desired footing. Make sure the form is level and securely in place before you pour the concrete. Use stakes and braces to support the form and prevent it from shifting. Now, it's time to mix the concrete. You can either mix the concrete by hand in a wheelbarrow or use a concrete mixer. If you're mixing by hand, be sure to follow the instructions on the concrete mix bag. It's important to use the correct ratio of water to concrete mix to ensure the concrete is strong and durable. If you're using a concrete mixer, follow the manufacturer's instructions. Once the concrete is mixed, pour it into the form. Fill the form evenly, making sure to work the concrete into all the corners and edges. Use a shovel or a trowel to spread the concrete and remove any air pockets. You'll need to consolidate the concrete to remove any air pockets and ensure it's properly compacted. You can do this by using a concrete vibrator or by tapping the sides of the form with a hammer. After the concrete is poured, you'll need to insert rebar for reinforcement. Rebar is steel reinforcing bars that add strength to the concrete and prevent it from cracking. The rebar should be placed vertically and horizontally within the footing, forming a grid pattern. The size and spacing of the rebar will depend on the size of your column and the local building codes. Consult with a structural engineer or your local building department to determine the appropriate rebar requirements. Once the concrete is poured and the rebar is in place, use a screed board to level the top of the footing. A screed board is a long, straight piece of wood or metal that you drag across the top of the form to remove excess concrete and create a smooth, level surface. Finally, you'll need to let the concrete cure. Curing is the process of keeping the concrete moist so it can properly harden. The concrete should be kept moist for at least 7 days. You can do this by covering the footing with plastic sheeting or by spraying it with water several times a day. The curing process is essential for ensuring the concrete reaches its full strength. Don't rush this step! Once the concrete is fully cured, you can remove the form and start building your brick column.

Laying the Brick Courses

Alright, with the footing set, we're moving on to the fun part – laying the brick courses! This is where your column really starts to take shape. Precision and patience are key here, but don't worry, we'll guide you through the process.

Mixing Mortar

First things first, let's talk mortar. Mortar is the glue that holds your bricks together, so it's important to mix it properly. You can buy pre-mixed mortar or mix your own from scratch. If you're mixing your own, you'll need cement, lime, and sand. The ratio of these ingredients will depend on the type of mortar you're using. Type N mortar, as mentioned earlier, is a good choice for brick columns. Follow the instructions on the mortar mix bag for the correct proportions. Use a mortar mixer or a wheelbarrow to mix the mortar. Add water gradually until the mortar is the consistency of thick peanut butter. It should be workable but not too soupy. The consistency of the mortar is crucial for proper adhesion and stability. Mortar that's too dry will be difficult to work with and may not bond properly. Mortar that's too wet will be weak and may slump or run. Mix only as much mortar as you can use in about an hour. Mortar will start to dry out and harden over time, so it's best to mix it in small batches. Use a trowel to apply the mortar to the bricks. The trowel is your most important tool for laying bricks, so it's worth investing in a good quality one. Clean your tools thoroughly after each use. Mortar can be difficult to remove once it dries, so it's best to clean your tools while the mortar is still wet. A clean trowel will make your bricklaying job much easier and more efficient. Don't be afraid to experiment with the consistency of the mortar. It may take a few tries to get it just right. The ideal consistency will vary depending on the temperature and humidity. Practice makes perfect! The more you mix mortar, the better you'll become at judging the right consistency.

Laying the First Course

Now, let's lay that first course of bricks. This is arguably the most important course because it sets the foundation for the entire column. Start by spreading a bed of mortar on the footing. The mortar bed should be about 1 inch thick and slightly wider than the bricks. Use your trowel to create a smooth, even bed of mortar. The mortar bed provides a level surface for the bricks and ensures they are properly supported. Place the first brick in the mortar bed. Press it firmly into place and wiggle it slightly to ensure good contact with the mortar. Use a level to check that the brick is level both horizontally and vertically. The first brick should be perfectly level, as it will serve as a reference point for the rest of the column. Lay the remaining bricks in the first course, leaving a space of about 3/8 inch between each brick for the mortar joints. Use mortar spacers to ensure consistent joint spacing. Mortar spacers are small plastic or rubber pieces that you place between the bricks to maintain a uniform joint width. Check the bricks for level and alignment as you lay them. Use a level and a string line to ensure that the bricks are straight and even. A string line is a taut string stretched between two points that serves as a guide for laying bricks in a straight line. Tap the bricks gently with the handle of your trowel to adjust their position. Tapping the bricks will help them settle into the mortar bed and ensure they are properly aligned. Remove any excess mortar from the joints with your trowel. Excess mortar can create a messy look and can also interfere with the bonding of the bricks. Use a pointing tool to tool the mortar joints. Tooling the joints is the process of shaping and smoothing the mortar joints to create a professional-looking finish. There are several different tooling styles, such as concave, V-shaped, and flush. Choose a tooling style that complements the overall look of your column. Clean the bricks with a damp sponge to remove any mortar smears. Mortar smears can be difficult to remove once they dry, so it's best to clean them up while they're still wet. Repeat the process for the remaining bricks in the first course. Make sure the bricks are level, aligned, and properly spaced. The first course is the foundation of your column, so it's important to take your time and do it right. Double-check your work before moving on to the next course. It's much easier to correct mistakes at this stage than it is later on.

Subsequent Courses and Mortar Joints

With the first course in place, let's move on to the subsequent courses. This is where the pattern and height of your column really start to come to life. Apply a fresh bed of mortar to the top of the first course. The mortar bed should be about 1 inch thick and slightly wider than the bricks. Spread the mortar evenly and create a smooth surface. Lay the bricks in the second course, staggering the joints from the first course. Staggering the joints, also known as running bond, is the most common bricklaying pattern. It creates a strong and visually appealing wall. The joints in the second course should be centered over the bricks in the first course. This creates a strong interlocking pattern. Check the bricks for level and alignment as you lay them. Use a level and a string line to ensure that the bricks are straight and even. Tap the bricks gently with the handle of your trowel to adjust their position. Tapping the bricks will help them settle into the mortar bed and ensure they are properly aligned. Leave a space of about 3/8 inch between each brick for the mortar joints. Use mortar spacers to ensure consistent joint spacing. The mortar joints are the spaces between the bricks that are filled with mortar. Consistent joint spacing is important for both structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. Remove any excess mortar from the joints with your trowel. Excess mortar can create a messy look and can also interfere with the bonding of the bricks. Tool the mortar joints with a pointing tool. Tooling the joints creates a professional-looking finish and helps to seal the joints against water penetration. Choose a tooling style that complements the overall look of your column. Clean the bricks with a damp sponge to remove any mortar smears. Mortar smears can be difficult to remove once they dry, so it's best to clean them up while they're still wet. Repeat the process for each subsequent course, staggering the joints and checking for level and alignment. As you build the column, use a plumb bob to ensure it is perfectly vertical. A plumb bob is a weight suspended from a string that is used to establish a vertical line. Checking for plumb is essential for ensuring the column is stable and structurally sound. Continue laying courses until you reach your desired height. Remember to take breaks and step back to admire your work. Building a brick column is a labor-intensive process, so it's important to pace yourself and take breaks when needed. Periodically check the column for plumb and level. Even small deviations can become more pronounced as you build higher. Double-check your measurements and alignment frequently. Accuracy is key to a successful bricklaying project. Don't be afraid to make adjustments as you go. If you notice a brick that is out of alignment, gently remove it and re-lay it. It's better to correct mistakes early on than to try to fix them later. As you gain experience, you'll develop your own techniques and preferences for laying bricks. Bricklaying is a skill that is honed over time, so don't be discouraged if your first few attempts aren't perfect. With practice and patience, you'll become a proficient bricklayer. Building a brick column is a rewarding experience that will add beauty and value to your property. Enjoy the process and take pride in your work.

Adding the Brick Column Capstone

We're in the home stretch, guys! Adding the capstone is like putting the cherry on top of your brick column. It's the finishing touch that not only looks great but also protects your column from the elements. Let's get this done right!

Selecting and Preparing the Capstone

First, you'll need to choose a capstone that complements your column and your home's style. Capstones come in various materials, including brick, concrete, and natural stone. Each material offers a different look and feel. Brick capstones provide a seamless, integrated look, as they match the rest of the column. They're a great choice if you want a cohesive design. Concrete capstones are durable and often more affordable than natural stone. They can be molded into different shapes and sizes, offering versatility in design. Natural stone capstones, such as granite or limestone, add a touch of elegance and sophistication. They're durable and weather-resistant, making them a long-lasting choice. Consider the size and shape of your column when selecting a capstone. The capstone should be slightly larger than the column to provide adequate protection from rain and snow. It should also be proportional to the overall height and width of the column. The color and texture of the capstone should complement the brick. Choose a capstone that enhances the overall aesthetic of your column. A contrasting color can create a bold statement, while a matching color can create a more subtle and harmonious look. Before installing the capstone, clean it thoroughly. Remove any dirt, debris, or loose particles that could interfere with adhesion. A clean surface will ensure a strong bond between the capstone and the mortar. If necessary, cut the capstone to size using a masonry saw. This is important if your capstone is too large or needs to be shaped to fit the column. Always wear safety glasses and gloves when using a masonry saw. Ensure the top of the column is level and clean. This is crucial for a stable and even capstone installation. Use a level to check the top of the column and make any necessary adjustments. A level surface will prevent the capstone from shifting or rocking. Dry-fit the capstone to ensure a proper fit. This step allows you to check the alignment and make any necessary adjustments before applying mortar. Dry-fitting can save you time and effort in the long run. Mark the position of the capstone on the column with a pencil. This will serve as a guide when you apply the mortar and set the capstone in place. Accurate markings will help you align the capstone correctly.

Setting the Capstone

Now, let's set that capstone in place. This is the final step in building your brick column, so let's make it count! Apply a thick, even layer of mortar to the top of the column. The mortar bed should be about 1-2 inches thick and slightly larger than the capstone. Use your trowel to create a smooth, consistent layer of mortar. The mortar bed provides a cushion for the capstone and ensures a strong bond. Carefully lift the capstone and position it on top of the mortar bed. Align the capstone with the marks you made earlier. Accurate alignment is essential for a professional-looking finish. Press the capstone firmly into the mortar bed. Wiggle it slightly to ensure good contact and a strong bond. Use a rubber mallet to gently tap the capstone into place. This will help it settle into the mortar and ensure it's level and secure. Check the capstone for level and alignment using a level. Make any necessary adjustments while the mortar is still wet. A level capstone is crucial for both aesthetic appeal and structural integrity. Use shims if necessary to level the capstone. Shims are small, thin pieces of material that can be inserted under the capstone to adjust its height and level. Remove any excess mortar from around the capstone. Use your trowel to scrape away any mortar that squeezes out from under the capstone. Excess mortar can create a messy look and can also interfere with the tooling process. Tool the mortar joints around the capstone. This creates a clean, professional-looking finish and helps to seal the joints against water penetration. Choose a tooling style that complements the rest of your column. Clean the capstone with a damp sponge to remove any mortar smears. Mortar smears can be difficult to remove once they dry, so it's best to clean them up while they're still wet. Allow the mortar to cure for at least 24-48 hours before applying any weight to the capstone. Curing is the process of hardening the mortar, and it's essential for a strong and durable bond. Protect the capstone from rain and direct sunlight during the curing process. This will help prevent the mortar from drying out too quickly and cracking. After the mortar has cured, inspect the capstone for any cracks or gaps. If you find any, repair them with fresh mortar. Regular maintenance will help extend the life of your brick column. Seal the capstone with a masonry sealer to protect it from the elements. A sealer will help prevent water damage and staining. Sealing your capstone is a worthwhile investment that will help keep it looking its best for years to come. And there you have it! You've successfully added a capstone to your brick column. Step back and admire your handiwork. You've built something beautiful and durable that will enhance your property for years to come.

Final Thoughts and Maintenance

Awesome job, guys! You've made it through the entire process of building a brick column, from digging the footing to setting the capstone. Give yourselves a pat on the back – you've accomplished something pretty impressive!

Now that your column is complete, let's wrap things up with a few final thoughts and some tips on maintenance to keep your column looking its best for years to come. Building a brick column is a significant undertaking, but it's also a rewarding one. You've not only added a beautiful and functional element to your property but also gained valuable skills and experience. Take pride in your accomplishment and enjoy the results of your hard work. Remember, proper planning and preparation are key to any successful DIY project. Before you start your next project, take the time to research, gather your materials, and plan your steps. This will help you avoid mistakes and ensure a smooth and efficient process. Safety should always be your top priority. Wear appropriate safety gear, such as gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask, when working with mortar and bricks. Use caution when working with power tools and follow all safety guidelines. Building a brick column is a great way to add curb appeal and value to your home. A well-built brick column can enhance the look of your property and create a welcoming entrance. It's also a durable and long-lasting investment that will provide years of enjoyment. Consider adding lighting to your brick column to create a dramatic effect at night. You can install lights on the capstone or along the sides of the column to highlight its features and create a warm and inviting atmosphere. A well-lit column can also enhance safety and security. You can also incorporate planters into your brick column design. Planters can add a touch of greenery and color to your column, creating a beautiful and inviting focal point. Consider using self-watering planters to make maintenance easier. Building a brick column is a great way to express your creativity and personalize your outdoor space. Don't be afraid to experiment with different designs and materials to create a unique and eye-catching feature. Let your imagination run wild and create a column that reflects your personal style.

To keep your brick column looking its best, regular maintenance is essential. Inspect your brick column regularly for any signs of damage, such as cracks, chips, or loose bricks. Addressing these issues promptly will prevent them from worsening and ensure the longevity of your column. Clean your brick column periodically to remove dirt, moss, and other debris. Use a mild detergent and a soft brush to gently scrub the surface of the brick. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the brick. If you notice any cracks in the mortar joints, repair them with fresh mortar. Cracked mortar can allow water to penetrate the column, which can lead to further damage. Use a pointing tool to apply the mortar and create a smooth, professional-looking finish. Consider sealing your brick column with a masonry sealer to protect it from water damage and staining. A sealer will help prevent water from penetrating the brick and mortar, which can cause deterioration over time. Apply the sealer according to the manufacturer's instructions. Trim any vegetation that is growing too close to your brick column. Overgrown vegetation can trap moisture and damage the brick. Keep the area around your column clear to prevent moisture buildup. If you live in an area with harsh winters, consider protecting your brick column from freeze-thaw damage. Apply a de-icing salt or sealant to the column to prevent water from penetrating the brick and mortar. Freeze-thaw damage can cause cracks and spalling, which can weaken the column. By following these maintenance tips, you can keep your brick column looking beautiful and structurally sound for many years to come. Regular maintenance is a small price to pay for the longevity and beauty of your investment.

And there you have it, guys! You're now equipped with all the knowledge you need to build a stunning brick column. Remember, take your time, be patient, and enjoy the process. Happy building!